^ Technology / Role ^ Elected item ^ Primary criterion ^ Tie-break ^ Higher / Lower? ^
| **OSPF** | Router-ID | Manual `router-id` if set | Highest loopback IP, else highest active int IP | Highest |
|          | DR / BDR | Highest priority | Highest Router-ID | Highest |
| **EIGRP** | Router-ID | Highest loopback IP | Highest active phys IP | Highest |
| **STP / RSTP** | Root Bridge | Lowest bridge ID (priority + MAC) | Lower MAC | Lowest |
| **PIM-SM** | Designated Router | Highest PIM priority | Highest interface IP | Highest |
| **Bidir-PIM** | Designated Forwarder | Highest DF priority | Highest interface IP | Highest |
| **IGMP / MLD** | Designated Querier | Lowest source IP | — | Lowest |
| **HSRP** | Active Router | Highest priority | Highest interface IP | Highest |
| **VRRP** | Master Router | Highest priority | Highest interface IP | Highest |
| **GLBP** | Active Virtual Gateway | Highest priority | Highest interface IP | Highest |
| **IGMP Snooping** | Querier (switch) | Lowest IP among switches | — | Lowest |